Egypt's Early Rulers and the Theocracy of the Pharaohs

Around 2600 B.C., Egyptian civilization entered the Old Kingdom, lasting until about 2200 B.C. This period saw increased trade and a unified government, emphasizing the importance of shared principles and beliefs. The government was a theocracy, where the ruler controlled both religious and political affairs. Initially known as a king, the ruler later became known as a pharaoh, meaning 'great house.' Egyptians were loyal to the pharaoh, believing strong leadership was essential during disasters. The pharaoh appointed bureaucrats to oversee projects and collected taxes from farmers. He was seen as the son of Re, the sun god, and participated in ceremonies to ensure the kingdom thrived.