Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Balance

An acid increases hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution, while a base provides hydroxide ions (OH–) that reduce H+ concentration. The pH scale indicates acidity or alkalinity, with pure water being neutral. In pure water, a small percentage of molecules dissociate into H+ and OH– ions. Hydroxide ions combine with H+ to form water. The pH in human cells and blood is nearly neutral, but it can change with the addition of acids or bases. For small animals like dogs and cats, internal pH must remain between 6.8 and 7.8, and veterinary professionals monitor this through bloodwork to ensure proper health.