Key Concepts in Psychological Approaches

The cognitive approach operates on two main assumptions: first, mental processes can be scientifically studied, implying that thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes influence behavior. Second, cognitive processes are active and not passive, meaning individuals actively interpret information rather than merely responding to stimuli. Relationships are formed through attachment, as indicated by Bowlby's attachment theory, which emphasizes the role of early bonds in development. Additionally, social learning theory posits that relationships can be influenced by observational learning, where individuals model behaviors seen in others. Psychodynamic therapy, such as dream analysis, involves exploring unconscious thoughts and emotions through dream interpretation. Evaluating this, it is effective for gaining insights but may raise ethical concerns regarding patient vulnerability. In behaviorist therapy, systematic desensitization helps individuals confront fears gradually. Its effectiveness is noted, but it may overlook cognitive factors.